Photoredox-catalyzed C–C bond cleavage of cyclopropanes for the formation of C(sp3)–heteroatom bonds

Authors: Liang Ge, Chi Zhang, Chengkai Pan, Ding-Xing Wang, Dong-Ying Liu, Zhi-Qiang Li, Pingkang Shen, Lifang Tian, Chao Feng

Published: 2022-10-08

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33602-4

Source: Full article


Abstract

AbstractSterically congested C–O and C–N bonds are ubiquitous in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and bioactive compounds. However, the development of a general method for the efficient construction of those sterically demanding covalent bonds still remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a photoredox-driven ring-opening C(sp3)–heteroatom bond formation of arylcyclopropanes is presented, which enables the construction of structurally diversified while sterically congested dialkyl ether, alkyl ester, alcohol, amine, chloride/fluoride, azide and also thiocyanate derivatives. The selective single electron oxidation of aryl motif associated with the thermodynamic driving force from ring strain-release is the key for this transformation. By this synergistic activation mode, C–C bond cleavage of otherwise inert cyclopropane framework is successfully unlocked. Further mechanistic and computational studies disclose a complete stereoinversion upon nucleophilic attack, thus proving a concerted SN2-type ring-opening functionalization manifold, while the regioselectivity is subjected to an orbital control scenario.