Authors: Amos Chungwon Lee, Wooseok Lee, Sumin Lee, Han-Byoel Lee, Sunghoon Kwon
Published: 2025-04-21
DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2025-1971
Source: Full article
Liquid biopsy has emerged as a revolutionary, non-invasive diagnostic tool, enabling real-time monitoring of tumor dynamics. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), shed from primary or metastatic tumors into the bloodstream, represent a critical component of liquid biopsy with immense potential for early cancer detection, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring [1]. While identification of CTCs as cytokeratin (CK) positive and CD45 negative is standard of immunofluorescence assay among cells in blood sample, curious cases have been reported that the presence of CK and CD45 dual positive (DP) cells [2]. However, neither the identity of DP cells nor the roles of them had been understood. Rather, their presences were neglected so far. This presentation highlights recent findings of the DP cells about their identity and their potential roles as biomarkers, especially cancer diagnostic markers. Our state-of-the-art technologies [3] enabled detection and isolation of the DP cells, streamlined to single cell RNA-seq and the downstream analysis with high quality of data in spite of heterogeneity. Our studies focus on the molecular profiling of CTCs and DP cells to identify transcriptional signatures that correlate with tumor metastasis mechanisms. Additionally, emerging evidence underscores the potential edges of the prognostic value of DP cell enumeration over CTCs. By bridging the gap between liquid biopsy innovations and clinical application, DP-cell-based diagnostics hold promise for transforming precision oncology. Future directions include integrating DP analysis with other biomarkers, such as CTC, circulating tumor DNA and extracellular vesicles, to construct a comprehensive liquid biopsy platform. This work emphasizes the role of DP cells as a novel target of liquid biopsy, paving the way for earlier interventions and more personalized therapeutic strategies in cancer care.